Red and green lights are essential navigation signals used at sea at night. They make it possible to understand where another vessel is positioned and which direction it is moving, even when visibility is limited. These lights form part of an international system designed to keep traffic on the water predictable and safe after sunset.
Red light: A vessel carries a red light on its port side, the left side when facing forward. On the starboard side, the right side, it carries a green light. These colours act as fixed reference points. When you see them on another vessel, they help you make sense of its orientation and movement at a glance.
Green light: you are looking at the starboard side and the vessel is moving from your left toward your right.
Red light: you are looking at the port side and the vessel is moving from your right toward your left.
Both lights: the vessel is moving directly toward you.
White light: In addition to the coloured side lights, a white stern light marks the rear of the vessel. Seeing only this white light indicates that the boat is ahead of you and travelling in the same direction.
These signals are regulated worldwide by the COLREGS, which ensure that every vessel, no matter where it sails, uses the same lighting pattern. Because the colours and their positions never change, the system becomes easy to recognise, even for people with little nautical experience.
Summary of the key signals:
Once you understand these rules, night-time waters appear more organised. Each light carries information about direction and position, allowing vessels to interpret one another’s movements clearly without spoken communication. The result is a simple, reliable visual language that supports safe navigation in the dark.
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